openssl.pod
=pod
=head1 NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<openssl>
I<command>
[ I<command_opts> ]
[ I<command_args> ]
B<openssl> B<list> [ B<standard-commands> | B<digest-commands> | B<cipher-commands> | B<cipher-algorithms> | B<digest-algorithms> | B<public-key-algorithms>]
B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
cryptography standards required by them.
The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various
cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
It can be used for
o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
o Public key cryptographic operations
o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
o Calculation of Message Digests
o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in the
SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
arguments and have a B<-config> option to specify that file.
The environment variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> can be used to specify
the location of the file.
If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named
B<openssl.cnf> in the default certificate storage area, whose value
depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL
was built.
The list parameters B<standard-commands>, B<digest-commands>,
and B<cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
respectively, that are available in the present B<openssl> utility.
The list parameters B<cipher-algorithms> and
B<digest-algorithms> list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
from => to
The list parameter B<public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public
key algorithms.
The command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
B<list>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
=head2 Standard Commands
=over 4
=item B<asn1parse>
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
=item B<ca>
Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
=item B<ciphers>
Cipher Suite Description Determination.
=item B<cms>
CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
=item B<crl>
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
=item B<crl2pkcs7>
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
=item B<dgst>
Message Digest Calculation.
=item B<dh>
Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
=item B<dhparam>
Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
=item B<dsa>
DSA Data Management.
=item B<dsaparam>
DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
=item B<ec>
EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
=item B<ecparam>
EC parameter manipulation and generation.
=item B<enc>
Encoding with Ciphers.
=item B<engine>
Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
=item B<errstr>
Error Number to Error String Conversion.
=item B<gendh>
Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
=item B<gendsa>
Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkey(1)>.
=item B<genpkey>
Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
=item B<genrsa>
Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<genpkey(1)>.
=item B<nseq>
Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
=item B<ocsp>
Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
=item B<passwd>
Generation of hashed passwords.
=item B<pkcs12>
PKCS#12 Data Management.
=item B<pkcs7>
PKCS#7 Data Management.
=item B<pkcs8>
PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
=item B<pkey>
Public and private key management.
=item B<pkeyparam>
Public key algorithm parameter management.
=item B<pkeyutl>
Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
=item B<prime>
Compute prime numbers.
=item B<rand>
Generate pseudo-random bytes.
=item B<rehash>
Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
=item B<req>
PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
=item B<rsa>
RSA key management.
=item B<rsautl>
RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
by L<pkeyutl(1)>.
=item B<s_client>
This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
=item B<s_server>
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
=item B<s_time>
SSL Connection Timer.
=item B<sess_id>
SSL Session Data Management.
=item B<smime>
S/MIME mail processing.
=item B<speed>
Algorithm Speed Measurement.
=item B<spkac>
SPKAC printing and generating utility.
=item B<srp>
Maintain SRP password file.
=item B<storeutl>
Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
=item B<ts>
Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
=item B<verify>
X.509 Certificate Verification.
=item B<version>
OpenSSL Version Information.
=item B<x509>
X.509 Certificate Data Management.
=back
=head2 Message Digest Commands
=over 4
=item B<blake2b512>
BLAKE2b-512 Digest
=item B<blake2s256>
BLAKE2s-256 Digest
=item B<md2>
MD2 Digest
=item B<md4>
MD4 Digest
=item B<md5>
MD5 Digest
=item B<mdc2>
MDC2 Digest
=item B<rmd160>
RMD-160 Digest
=item B<sha1>
SHA-1 Digest
=item B<sha224>
SHA-2 224 Digest
=item B<sha256>
SHA-2 256 Digest
=item B<sha384>
SHA-2 384 Digest
=item B<sha512>
SHA-2 512 Digest
=item B<sha3-224>
SHA-3 224 Digest
=item B<sha3-256>
SHA-3 256 Digest
=item B<sha3-384>
SHA-3 384 Digest
=item B<sha3-512>
SHA-3 512 Digest
=item B<shake128>
SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
=item B<shake256>
SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
=item B<sm3>
SM3 Digest
=back
=head2 Encoding and Cipher Commands
=over 4
=item B<base64>
Base64 Encoding
=item B<bf>, B<bf-cbc>, B<bf-cfb>, B<bf-ecb>, B<bf-ofb>
Blowfish Cipher
=item B<cast>, B<cast-cbc>
CAST Cipher
=item B<cast5-cbc>, B<cast5-cfb>, B<cast5-ecb>, B<cast5-ofb>
CAST5 Cipher
=item B<des>, B<des-cbc>, B<des-cfb>, B<des-ecb>, B<des-ede>, B<des-ede-cbc>, B<des-ede-cfb>, B<des-ede-ofb>, B<des-ofb>
DES Cipher
=item B<des3>, B<desx>, B<des-ede3>, B<des-ede3-cbc>, B<des-ede3-cfb>, B<des-ede3-ofb>
Triple-DES Cipher
=item B<idea>, B<idea-cbc>, B<idea-cfb>, B<idea-ecb>, B<idea-ofb>
IDEA Cipher
=item B<rc2>, B<rc2-cbc>, B<rc2-cfb>, B<rc2-ecb>, B<rc2-ofb>
RC2 Cipher
=item B<rc4>
RC4 Cipher
=item B<rc5>, B<rc5-cbc>, B<rc5-cfb>, B<rc5-ecb>, B<rc5-ofb>
RC5 Cipher
=back
=head1 OPTIONS
Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
This section describes some common options with common behavior.
=head2 Common Options
=over 4
=item B<-help>
Provides a terse summary of all options.
=back
=head2 Pass Phrase Options
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin>
and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
terminal with echoing turned off.
Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
L<passphrase-encoding(7)>.
=over 4
=item B<pass:password>
The actual password is B<password>. Since the password is visible
to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
where security is not important.
=item B<env:var>
Obtain the password from the environment variable B<var>. Since
the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
=item B<file:pathname>
The first line of B<pathname> is the password. If the same B<pathname>
argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first
line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
password. B<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
refer to a device or named pipe.
=item B<fd:number>
Read the password from the file descriptor B<number>. This can be used to
send the data via a pipe for example.
=item B<stdin>
Read the password from standard input.
=back
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<asn1parse(1)>, L<ca(1)>, L<ciphers(1)>, L<cms(1)>, L<config(5)>,
L<crl(1)>, L<crl2pkcs7(1)>, L<dgst(1)>,
L<dhparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)>, L<dsaparam(1)>,
L<ec(1)>, L<ecparam(1)>,
L<enc(1)>, L<engine(1)>, L<errstr(1)>, L<gendsa(1)>, L<genpkey(1)>,
L<genrsa(1)>, L<nseq(1)>, L<ocsp(1)>,
L<passwd(1)>,
L<pkcs12(1)>, L<pkcs7(1)>, L<pkcs8(1)>,
L<pkey(1)>, L<pkeyparam(1)>, L<pkeyutl(1)>, L<prime(1)>,
L<rand(1)>, L<rehash(1)>, L<req(1)>, L<rsa(1)>,
L<rsautl(1)>, L<s_client(1)>,
L<s_server(1)>, L<s_time(1)>, L<sess_id(1)>,
L<smime(1)>, L<speed(1)>, L<spkac(1)>, L<srp(1)>, L<storeutl(1)>,
L<ts(1)>,
L<verify(1)>, L<version(1)>, L<x509(1)>,
L<crypto(7)>, L<ssl(7)>, L<x509v3_config(5)>
=head1 HISTORY
The B<list->I<XXX>B<-algorithms> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
manual pages.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
=cut
